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Hopefully these are all fairly self-evident.  However points and crossovers can't be placed next to buffers as there must be room for a train (2 elements long) without fouling any of these elements.  Note also that some straight elements have directional 
arrows.  These are purely for visual clarity, they don't need to relate to preferred directions (though clearly they should to avoid confusion), preferred directions are set separately.  
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\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223  represents four-aspect, and clicking the button changes it to three-aspect }{\f1\fs20\insrsid15691486\charrsid6045223 {\*\shppict{\pict{\*\picprop\shplid1026{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 75}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}
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\picw635\pich635\picwgoal360\pichgoal360\pngblip\bliptag-843106022{\*\blipuid cdbf391a81a6af5a63fa3638a82a709c}89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d4948445200000018000000180403000000125920cb00000001735247420240c07dc500000030504c5445000000ffffff00ff00ff
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\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223 , then two-aspect}{\f1\fs20\insrsid15691486\charrsid6045223 {\*\shppict{\pict{\*\picprop\shplid1027{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 75}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}
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\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223 , then ground position light}{\f1\fs20\insrsid15691486\charrsid6045223 {\*\shppict{\pict{\*\picprop\shplid1028{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 75}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}
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\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223 
, then back to four-aspect.  Signals of the appropriate type are placed on the railway whenever the corresponding signal buttons are selected.  Note that two, three and four-aspect signals all appear the same when placed, but the 
type is indicated in the floating window when track information is selected.
\par 
\par Signals are always positioned on the left of the track relative to the direction of travel.  Trains recognise and act on signals to their left but ignore signals to their right. 
 Try to avoid placing signals immediately before a bridge, because then it won't be possible to truncate the route to that signal (see 'route setting and cancelling').  This is because a bridge is potentially ambiguous as it may have two routes set on it.

\par 
\par Note that signals can't be placed next to buffers as there must be room for a train (2 elements long) in the siding without straddling a signal.  Also two same-direction signals can't be placed next to each other as there must be room for a train between 
them.
\par 
\par }{\b\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223 Level Crossings
\par }{\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223 
\par Level crossings work as follows:- All crossings are closed to trains initially (i.e. barriers raised), and are opened by creating a route (preferred direction or unrestricted, automatic signal routes aren't permitted) through them. 
The barriers begin to lower as soon as the route is in place, the lowering indicated by the 'barriers down' graphic flashing. While it is flashing other routes can be created elsewhere in the railway but no other route can be created across the level cros
s
ing until the barriers are fully down. They stay down while there is a route in place, and start to rise as soon as all routes have been cleared - in this case the 'barriers up' graphic flashes. The barriers take 30 seconds to lower and 10 seconds to rise
.  The first signal behind and facing the barrier stays red until the barrier is fully down.\line \line 
The graphics display differently for barriers up and down, with barriers shown across the road for down and across the railway for up.  Although modern barrier cro
ssings don't really lie across the railway I think it makes it clearer that the way is blocked for trains if barriers are shown in this way.  Crossings can be placed across any number of directly parallel tracks, but can only be placed on plain horizontal
 or vertical track elements}{\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid14681753 .}{\f1\fs20\insrsid6193067\charrsid14681753   Note that level crossings cannot be placed adjacent to each other on the same track.}{\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223 \line \line 
Up to three minutes is allowed for a barrier to remain down before penalty times start clocking up, so it doesn't pay to set routes too far i
n advance of trains. If a barrier is lowered and then raised (by cancelling the route) before any trains have passed, then the three minutes allowance isn't given, penalty times begin clocking up right away. Level crossings are treated as being closed to 
trains in all states other than with barriers fully down, and if a train runs into one when the barriers are not down then there is a crash (it's assumed to have hit a road vehicle) and the train has to be removed by the signaller. 
\par }{\b\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223 
\par Parapets
\par 
\par }{\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223 These are visual elements only, to improve the appearance of the railway by indicating bridge and tunnel parapets, they don't play any part in operation.
\par }{\b\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223 
\par Continuations
\par }{\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223 
\par Elements that represent the limit of the railway, where track extends outside the
\par program's control area are referred to as 'Continuations'  }{\f1\fs20\insrsid15691486\charrsid6045223 {\*\shppict{\pict{\*\picprop\shplid1029{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 75}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}
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000000000000000000000000000000000000d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d700000000d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d70000d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7
d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7d7030000000000}}}{\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223 
 represent elements that connect to other elements that are not immediately adjacent.  There must always be an even number of gaps which  are arranged in paired connections.  When part of a train moves off one gap it appears immediately on the connected g
a
p.  Gaps allow continuous sections of railway to be separated visually, for example to display a long section of track on a single screen.  They are also useful for long bridges or tunnels, to avoid having several single-element bridges adjacent to each o
t
her.  Right clicking the mouse on a gap that has been set shows the two connected gaps - flashing red for the clicked gap, and flashing green for the connected gap.  The zoom-out and move screen viewpoint buttons may be used if the gaps are on different s
creens to each other.  Left or right clicking the mouse at a blank area of screen stops the gaps flashing.
\par 
\par When first placed, the oval area of the gap is hollow, to indicate that it isn't yet connected to another gap.  When unconnected gaps are present in a railway under construction the }{\f1\fs20\insrsid15691486\charrsid6045223 {\*\shppict
{\pict{\*\picprop\shplid1031{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 75}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pibFlags}{\sv 2}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}}
\picscalex100\picscaley100\piccropl0\piccropr0\piccropt0\piccropb0\picw529\pich529\picwgoal300\pichgoal300\pngblip\bliptag-427661834{\*\blipuid e68265f699913f52e99310a533de8c30}
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{\pict\picscalex100\picscaley100\piccropl0\piccropr0\piccropt0\piccropb0\picw529\pich529\picwgoal300\pichgoal300\wmetafile8\bliptag-427661834\blipupi96{\*\blipuid e68265f699913f52e99310a533de8c30}
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\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223 icon is displayed at the left side of the screen, and the }{\f1\fs20\insrsid15691486\charrsid6045223 {\*\shppict{\pict{\*\picprop\shplid1032{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 75}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}
{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pibFlags}{\sv 2}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}}\picscalex100\picscaley100\piccropl0\piccropr0\piccropt0\piccropb0
\picw635\pich635\picwgoal360\pichgoal360\pngblip\bliptag-318683283{\*\blipuid ed01476dfd6bdba25575780fe0210f38}89504e470d0a1a0a0000000d4948445200000018000000180403000000125920cb00000001735247420240c07dc500000030504c5445000000ffffff00ff0000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000066948637000000097048597300000ec400000ec401952b0e1b00
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{\pict\picscalex100\picscaley100\piccropl0\piccropr0\piccropt0\piccropb0\picw635\pich635\picwgoal360\pichgoal360\wmetafile8\bliptag-318683283\blipupi96{\*\blipuid ed01476dfd6bdba25575780fe0210f38}
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\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223  'connect gaps' button is enabled, which is used to connect gaps to each other in turn.  During conne
ction the program highlights a gap with a small red circle, at which point the corresponding gap should be left-clicked, this is then highlighted briefly with a green circle before the next gap to be connected is highlighted in red.  The screen may be zoo
med-out and navigated freely during gap setting, because connected gaps may not always lie on the same screen (though it's clearer if they are).  When all gaps have been connected the }{\f1\fs20\insrsid15691486\charrsid6045223 {\*\shppict
{\pict{\*\picprop\shplid1033{\sp{\sn shapeType}{\sv 75}}{\sp{\sn fFlipH}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fFlipV}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn pibFlags}{\sv 2}}{\sp{\sn fLine}{\sv 0}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}{\sp{\sn fLayoutInCell}{\sv 1}}}
\picscalex100\picscaley100\piccropl0\piccropr0\piccropt0\piccropb0\picw529\pich529\picwgoal300\pichgoal300\pngblip\bliptag1578680154{\*\blipuid 5e18bf5a4a45a57d2b482f6e1db5b35e}
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{\pict\picscalex100\picscaley100\piccropl0\piccropr0\piccropt0\piccropb0\picw529\pich529\picwgoal300\pichgoal300\wmetafile8\bliptag1578680154\blipupi96{\*\blipuid 5e18bf5a4a45a57d2b482f6e1db5b35e}
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\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223\charrsid6045223 icon is displayed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11747384 {\b\f1\fs20\insrsid6045223 
\par }}